Comparative Study of EDDY, EndoVac, and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Systems in Apical Third Debridement

Abstract

Effective debridement of the apical third is a critical factor in successful endodontic treatment. Various irrigation systems, including EDDY, EndoVac, and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), have been developed to enhance cleaning efficacy and minimize procedural complications. This comparative study evaluates the performance of these systems in apical third debridement using extracted human teeth. Standardized root canal instrumentation was performed, followed by irrigation protocols specific to each system. Debris removal and apical extrusion were assessed using established scoring methods and quantitative measurements. Results demonstrated that EDDY and PUI exhibited superior debris removal compared to EndoVac, with EDDY showing the highest cleaning efficacy. Conversely, EndoVac significantly minimized apical extrusion, while EDDY showed a higher risk of extrusion. PUI offered an effective balance between cleaning efficiency and safety. These findings highlight the importance of selecting an irrigation system based on clinical priorities, balancing apical cleanliness with the risk of extrusion. The study provides guidance for clinicians aiming to optimize endodontic outcomes in the apical third.