Emerging Trends in Biocompatible Irrigation Solutions: Balancing Antimicrobial Efficacy and Dentin Integrity

Abstract

Effective root canal irrigation is essential for eliminating microbial pathogens while preserving dentin integrity, a balance that remains a significant challenge in endodontics. Conventional irrigants, such as sodium hypochlorite, demonstrate high antimicrobial efficacy but can compromise dentin structure and biocompatibility. Emerging biocompatible irrigation solutions, including herbal extracts, nano-modified formulations, buffered agents, and combination approaches, aim to optimize microbial control while minimizing adverse effects on dentin. Recent studies highlight their potential to disrupt biofilms, reduce cytotoxicity, and maintain dentin microhardness. Evaluation of these solutions involves assessing antimicrobial efficacy, dentin preservation, biocompatibility, and clinical feasibility. While trade-offs between cleaning efficiency and tissue preservation exist, integrating biocompatible irrigants into endodontic protocols offers a promising avenue to enhance treatment outcomes. Continued research is required to validate long-term clinical performance and ensure safety in diverse clinical scenarios.