Composite-Trait Genetic Correlation Analysis of Human Cortical Structure and Development

Abstract

Understanding the genetic basis of human cortical structure and development is crucial for advancing neuroscience, psychology, and medicine. The cerebral cortex, responsible for higher cognitive functions, exhibits considerable interindividual variation in thickness, surface area, and overall morphology. Recent advancements in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and composite-trait genetic correlation analysis have enabled a deeper understanding of how genetic factors contribute to cortical development and structure. This paper investigates the composite-trait genetic correlations of human cortical structure, integrating large-scale neuroimaging and genetic datasets to determine shared genetic influences on cortical traits. By employing multivariate genetic models, we explore correlations among cortical thickness, surface area, and developmental trajectories. Our analysis reveals significant genetic overlap among various cortical traits, indicating a complex genetic architecture underpinning cortical development. Experimental results from GWAS meta-analyses and structural equation modeling highlight key genetic loci and pathways influencing cortical morphology. The findings provide new insights into the genetic determinants of cortical structure, paving the way for further research in neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive variability.